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1984 Sexual Rebellion

Jamie Aragon English 12 B-2 17 March 2005 Sexual Rebellion The First Lady, Abigail Adams, when expressed, â€Å"If specific considerat...

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

1984 Sexual Rebellion

Jamie Aragon English 12 B-2 17 March 2005 Sexual Rebellion The First Lady, Abigail Adams, when expressed, â€Å"If specific consideration and consideration isn't paid to the women, we are resolved to instigate an insubordination, and won't hold ourselves limited by any laws in which we have no voice, or representation† (BrainyQuote). This announcement was planned for defiance with respect to the privileges of ladies, anyway resistance is disobedience. Because of this stand drove by Adams and other ladies, the females in the public eye today are sufficiently blessed to have gotten the entirety of the rights possible.Rebellion isn't possibly utilized when citizens’ rights are required, yet as Abigail stated, it is utilized when individuals â€Å"have no voice or portrayal. † For instance, numerous young people feel like they are never tuned in to or that regardless of whether they were heard, their remarks would be immaterial. What occurs with these children when t his happens? Many revolutionary to express what is on their mind and their voices heard. While there are numerous types of defiance among secondary school and early understudies, for example, including oneself in liquor or medications, the most widely recognized sort could be settled upon as including oneself in sexual activity.Similarly, Winston and Julia additionally opposed a legislature in which they didn't have a state. These are the two fundamental characters from George Orwell’s dystopic novel, 1984, in which the hero, Winston Smith, is observed each second of consistently by their legislature that is otherwise called Big Brother. Enormous Brother’s extreme control is the thing that drove Winston to do what he felt should have been finished. Regardless of the government’s support for goodness and virtue, Winston and Julia occupied with sexual movement to oppose Big Brother.When a power figure has a solid position on a specific principle or law, those are the circumstances that are bound to be broken, essentially because of the way that they are decides that are set to not be defied. Winston remarks to Julia, â€Å"I detest immaculateness, I despise goodness. I don’t need any prudence to exist anyplace. I need everybody to be degenerate to the bones† (Orwell 137). These were two of the numerous things that Big Brother firmly bolstered. Subsequently, when one needed to defy this legislature and the guidelines that they represented, virtue and goodness were obvious objectives to follow up on, as did Winston and Julia.After hearing this remark, Julia reacts by revealing to Winston that she is the exemplification of what debasement to the bones is. Smith is charmed to hear this from her, understanding this is the lady whom he will revolt with. Truth be told, â€Å"That was over all what he needed to hear. Not just the adoration for one individual, however the creature impulse, the basic undifferentiated want: that was the power that would tear the Party to pieces† (137). What is expressed suggests that Winston isn't searching for a lifetime accomplice, fairly a greater amount of only a shrewd accomplice; somebody that will go along with him in the rebellion.Their exchange that was continuing comprised of Winston disclosing to Julia that the more accomplices she had been with, the more he adored her. Be that as it may, the affection that he utilizes with her, is it genuine love or is it more along the lines of desire; a desire for somebody to simply go with his side? All through the novel, it is simple for the peruser to comprehend that one of the primary subjects is virtue, or the absence of. While it very well may be viewed in more profundity, it is expressed unmistakably that the lovemaking that the characters share isn't really love, rather only an unclean â€Å"political act† to defy the Party.For model, Orwell composes, â€Å"No feeling was unadulterated, in light of the fact that everything was stirred up with dread and disdain. Their grip had been a fight, the peak a triumph. It was a blow struck against the Party. It was a political act† (138). There are numerous models in this novel that plainly depict this relationship as only a straightforward demonstration of defiance, this being one tangible model. The creator portrays their hold onto as a fight, suggesting a fight against the legislature; their â€Å"climax a victory,† inferring that that peak had quite recently been what they were seeking after, a hit to the essence of Big Brother.This grasp shouts, â€Å"Look at us, we needed to fight against you and we were given the trophy simply following the peak. † However, Winston should have additionally been hollering out that he had no clue about who the lady was that he simply engaged in sexual relations with since â€Å"even now he had not discovered her family name or her location. In any case, it had no effect [to him], for it was unfathomable that they would ever meet inside or trade any sort of composed communication† (139). With this expressed, indeed, it shows that Winston isn't worried about the real uman that Julia is, fairly simply the sexual angles that she is about or trusts in. He isn't intrigued enough with regards to Julia to try and trouble requesting her total name, or discovering precisely where she lives. In any case, Orwell attempts to safeguard this condition by composing that regardless of whether Winston knew where she lived, there would be no conceivable route for the two to meet there, supposing that they were discovered lying together, their lives would be finished. Despite the fact that there are numerous occasions where Julia, Winston, and the storyteller utilize the term â€Å"making love†, as observed previously, it isn't really love making that the two take part in, rather downright sex.While strolling, Winston considers: He wanted that he were strolling through the ro ads with her similarly as they were doing now, however straightforwardly and unafraid, discussing technicalities and purchasing odd and closes for the family unit. He wished over all that they had some spot where they could be distant from everyone else together without feeling the commitment to make love each time they met. (152) Although there is a positive perspective to this statement as Winston states that he wishes he didn't feel committed to have intercourse with Julia each and every time that they met, he despite everything utilizes the term having intercourse while portraying his connection between them.This incommodious commitment that Winston feels is justifiable and is a decent change from what he has been seeing him feel, notwithstanding, in the event that he truly feels that what they share is love as opposed to sex, for what reason did he not want to know her last name, her ethics, or whatever else about her that didn't respect sexuality. While some may dissent, havin g intercourse is actually what it shows up. It is love that is shared between two accomplices who love each other, not the delight of sex between for all intents and purposes outsiders. While engaging in sexual relations and having intercourse could be seen as two totally different acts, Big Brother doesn't represent either.Big Brother consistently needs the members’ vitality and spotlight on the legislature and doesn't need for a second in any case, as they accept is the thing that happens when individuals include themselves in sexual movement. For instance, Julia states, â€Å"‘When you have intercourse you’re spending vitality; and a short time later you feel upbeat and don’t care at all for anything. They can’t bear you to feel like that. They need you to overflow with vitality all the time’† (145). What is in some cases more awful than submitting a demonstration of disobedience, is the inclination somewhere inside when the opportu nity has arrived to admit to this action.Winston and Julia show up at what they believe is the home of another agitator; they before long find that this man had it in for them two all through the whole novel. Be that as it may, before seeing this, Winston admits about him and Julia. He states, â€Å"We are adversaries of the Party. We doubt in the standards of Ingsoc. We are thoughtciminals. We are likewise philanderers [and] I reveal to you this since we need to out ourselves at your mercy† (185). Winston imagines that by admitting his transgressions to O’Brien, an individual from the idea police, he is setting himself alongside Julia free.Little does he realize that by submitting this activity, he was basically handing himself over by tossing both of their lives at the feet of Big Brother. This model demonstrates that Winston and Julia submitted infidelity, so he says, as an unadulterated demonstration of disobedience to Big Brother since they are â€Å"enemies of t he Party. † However, while I, alongside numerous others, accept that this relationship was exclusively founded on defiance, Albert Camus states, â€Å"Methods of thought which guarantee to give the lead to our reality for the sake of transformation have become, in actuality, belief systems of assent and not of insubordination. This contradiction is expressing that while it is believed to be insubordination dedicated by Smith and Julia, it is in truth a belief system of assent, therefore having nothing to do with defiance. In spite of Camus perspective, by considering the entirety of the explanations that George Orwell gives, it is still bound to be a demonstration of disobedience over anything. Despite the fact that this relationship can be viewed as a demonstration of resistance to the Big Brother government, Winston and Julia attempt their most extreme hardest to not let reality get out. The two of them know very well that, for this situation, their resistance could lead bo th of their lives to death on the off chance that they were discovered.Julia murmurs to Winston, â€Å"‘And now tune in, dear, we’ve got the chance to fix up about whenever we meet. We should return to the spot in the wood; we’ve given it a decent long rest. Yet, you should arrive by an alternate way. I’ve got everything arranged out’† (149). While Winston and Julia really attempt to stay quiet about their disobedience, numerous youngsters oppose expert for the fulfillment of being gotten and having the option to consider the second they were found. For example, when the Columbine shooting occurred, it didn't happen all of a sudden, nor did the two guilty parties endeavor to not be caught.In certainty, the two young men educated different individuals concerning their arrangement, not agonizing over being trained before the offense. While the peruser has seen confirmation of Winston’s absence of enthusiasm for the individual who Julia I

Saturday, August 22, 2020

A Financial Ratio Quarterly Trend Analysis of Kia Motors Research Paper

A Financial Ratio Quarterly Trend Analysis of Kia Motors - Research Paper Example This report speaks to a monetary pattern examination of the organization more than four (4) quarters finishing December 31, 2010. It likewise takes a gander at a correlation of the presentation of Kia Motors with the business for the year finished December 31, 2010 and gives a SWOT examination of the organization. Notwithstanding that the report at the moral rules under which the organization works and makes suggestions to potential partners. 2.0 Financial Ratio Computation and Analysis Monetary proportions are utilized to decide the money related strength of a business. The table in the Appendix underneath gives data on five classes of proportions which will be utilized to survey the budgetary soundness of KIA Motors Corporation. 2.1 Trend Analysis The table in the Appendix shows the quarterly patterns for different proportions for the year finished December 31, 2010 all together liquidity resource use, gainfulness, Debt and market. 2.1.1 Liquidity proportions Liquidity proportions show the measure of assets the organization has close by to pay its obligations as they fall due. The present proportion incorporates stock which isn't extremely fluid while the speedy proportion doesn't. The table in the Appendix demonstrates that the present proportion for the 3 quarters extend somewhere in the range of 0.73 and 0.76 which is beneath 1. The brisk proportion which does exclude stock ranges somewhere in the range of 0.56 and 0.59. An adequate present and brisk proportion is 1.5 and 0.8 individually (BPP Media Learning 2009). Different proportions, for example, working capital and current liabilities to stock additionally demonstrates a stressing picture for Kia Motors as far as the company’s capacity to pay its obligations as they become due. 2.1.2 Asset Utilization Asset use proportions demonstrate how effectively the advantages in the company’s activities have been used. The proportions in the Appendix show a stock turnover pace of somewhere in the range of 6 and multiple times for each quarter and a turnover of roughly multiple times for the year. The benefit turnover is a proportion of how well the advantages Kia Motors are being utilized to create income (BPP 2009). The quarterly resource turnover rate ran from 0.39 to 0.49 with the yearly rate being the cum1.66. These rates show high and moderate productivity levels separately in the utilization of Kia Motors resources. 2.1.3 Profitability Ratios Profitability proportions are a blend of the impacts of liquidity, resource the executives and obligation on working outcomes (Brigham and Ehrhardt 2005). The proportions showed in the Appendix as gainfulness proportions incorporate net revenue which demonstrates the net benefit rate earned on deals of somewhere in the range of 2% and 13% per quarter. The patterns demonstrate immense upgrades in the second quarter of a 8% expansion, up from 2%. The quarterly profit for resources (ROA ) for Kia Motors run from 1% to 5% per quarter and 13% for the year finished December 31, 2010. In the second quarter there was a 2% expansion over the first quarter while quarters 3 and 4 indicated increments of 1%. The company’s returns on value (ROE) expanded from 2% in quarter 1 to 7%, *% and 11% in quarters 2, 3 and 4 separately, finishing with an arrival for the time of 26%. This is viewed as ideal for investors. 2.1.4 Debt Utilization Ratios Debt proportions give a sign of the degree of money related hazard in the organizations

Thursday, August 13, 2020

Literary Journal Concepts Youre Free To Steal And Make A Reality

Literary Journal Concepts Youre Free To Steal And Make A Reality In perhaps my most Guy In Your MFA opening line ever: Me and another guy in my MFA program have made a pastime of coming up with fake names and concepts for literary journals. Please feel free to make any of these ideas a reality, but do be so kind as to give me some type of honorary title on your masthead. A free copy would also be cool. Anyway, here are a few of the better ones: ZYZZYZA (or simply, ZA) Due to naming similarities, ZAs main competition would probably be ZYZZYVA. A journal of contemporary poetry, fiction, and creative nonfiction, each issue of ZA is delivered to readers printed in its entirety on a pizza box, with a fresh pie included. The inclusion of a one-topping za, plus tip and a delivery fee, would make this a more expensive investment for readers, but imagine scarfing down warm slices of pepperoni pizza in order to slowly reveal a short story by Joyce Carol Oates or a poem by Laura Kasischke. Airhead: A Journal of Poetry Option A: Every poem accepted by Airhead is printed on parchment paper, rolled up inside a biodegradable helium balloon, and released outside of the nearest window. Readership is subject to random gusts of wind and inclement weather. Option B: Each poem is printed on a biodegradable helium balloon and delivered to readers in a colorful bouquet. Imagine, poems could float about your apartment for days. Guy In Your MFA Quarterly A quarterly journal founded and edited by Guy In Your MFA. All poetry and prose included in each issue is written and edited by Guy In Your MFA. Unsolicited book reviews submissions are allowed, but must be positive, thought-provoking criticism on works written by Guy In Your MFA. Billboard Billboard exclusively publishes six-word stories. Each work accepted by Billboard is printed on a random billboard within the authors home state or province. Billboard Review A journal dedicated to publishing the best work that directly or tangentially examines billboards and billboard culture. Emerging and established writers alike are encouraged to submit work. MENU An food-menu-themed aggregator of the best poems, stories, essays, and other writing found online each week. Appetizers could shorter reads, such as flash fiction. Confetti An international journal dedicated to providing exposure for emerging writers at professional sporting events, concerts, New Years Eve bashes, and other major celebrations. Every piece of writing accepted by Confetti is printed thousands of times on recycled paper and promptly shredded, after which it is used as confetti at festivities across the globe. Paper Plane Prose A sister journal to Airhead.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

An Argument Against High Salaries in Major League...

An Argument Against High Salaries in Major League Baseball Twenty-five million dollars made per year. Over one hundred fifty-four thousand dollars made per game. Over forty-seven thousand dollars earned per at bat. Sounds a little ridiculous, does it not? That is what current Texas Ranger shortstop Alex Rodriguez earns to play the game of baseball (azcentral.com). Baseball is a game that children have been playing in schoolyards and fields for the past one hundred years. It may not be a game anymore. On the Major League level it has become a business. This is where the problem starts. There are twenty-five players who make more than ten million dollars per year, a price that, ten years ago, only two†¦show more content†¦The statistics from 1975 show that the average salary was just over $44,000, quite comparable to a successful business CEO at the time, while the minimum earnings were $16,000, an amount that equated to $8.00 per hour had they been working a typical job. Players making that much at the time were more than likely to hold an off-season job to supplement their income. Lastly, the highest-paid player was Dick Allen of the Philadelphia Phillies making $200,000 per year, quite outstanding at the time (Stark). Jayson Stark, ESPN columnist, presents an interesting argument of the downfall of baseball after free agency. He uses sarcasm and slight humor to introduce the reader to the topic of free agency and uses the argument style of comparison and contrast to predict what today might have held had there been no free agency. But within his column, player agent Tom Reich states, â€Å"The people who criticize free agency to easily today don’t realize how bad baseball was twenty-five years ago† (Stark). It is Stark who realizes that the talent of the game has improved, but the overall passion in each player may have decreased. In a recent poll, football has been voted by the fans to be the new pastime of America. This may be a result of a few problems that are present in baseball, mainly salaries and the price they pay on the fans, but also the fact that games are starting later and later each year in order toShow MoreRelatedJackie Robinson And Curt Flood1237 Words   |  5 Pagesvariety of sports in this country, one stands out as the most â€Å"American.† Baseball has long been regarded as America’s national pastime and it remains the single sport which mirrors society and pushes it forward more than any other. Football and basketball have risen to great prominence within the United States, but they cannot match baseball for its history, its diversity, and its growth with the nation from coast to coast. Baseball also offers heroism and an everyday working class style that are notRead MoreEssay on The History of Baseball2347 Words   |  10 PagesThe History of Baseball Baseball in America is about as common as alcohol in college , it is everywhere and participated by everyone. 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The average attendance for a MLB game has been decreasing for a number of years. If Major League Baseball would like to compete with popularity of professional sports such as Professional football (NFL) and Professional basketball (NBA), they need to embrace some of technologies that have made those sports s o successful in recent years. Right now, MLB has a replay system used for determining home runs that are either fair or foulRead MoreThere Has Always Been A Stereotype That Says That Men Are2155 Words   |  9 Pageslogic is a theory called the feminist critical theoretical perspective. As stated in Social Issues in Sport by Ronald B. Woods the definition for the Feminist theory is, â€Å" Social theory investigating the effects of gender in society.†(Woods 487). The major problems that come from these issues is the fact that people think that there are sports only for females and sports only for males. 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Most of this $7 billion will come from public sourcesRead MoreBlack Sox Scandal and Its Effect on America2032 Words   |  9 PagesScandals in Baseball and Its Effect on America Baseball has always been considered as American as apple pie. If that is true than cheating should be just as American. Ever since the creation of America’s favorite pastime, baseball, cheating has been a major part of the game. Each era of baseball has showed more complex ways of cheating the game. Although, cheating in baseball has been around since the introduction of the game, only few scandals have really made history. Some of the most famousRead MoreThe World s Best League Of Legends1737 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessional video game player, or Cyber Athlete. Le strolls to his high-powered computer, provided to him by a generous sponsor, and begins to play League of Legends. League of Legends is an online multiplayer game that currently has thirty-six million online players. Danny Le earns six figures a year, as do his four roommates/teammates, because they are currently viewed by the gaming community as one of the world’s best League of Legends teams. Team Di gnitas. Video games are no longer a fad or

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Website Comparison - 1801 Words

Introduction I have chosen two of the biggest broadband and telecommunication companies in Ireland for this website comparison. O2 and Vodafone are both leading distributors of mobile services for individuals and corporate clients providing them with solutions in communications. They are the two biggest competitors in the mobile networking industry in Ireland constituting for 88% of the total market. This market percentage is split between Vodafone and O2, 48% and 40% respectively. I have chosen these two websites for comparison for a number of reasons. I have been a frequent user of both sites, and am interested in the industry. The main reason however I selected these websites is due to the substantial differences in theme and†¦show more content†¦On the shop page the user will be given 4 options to browse shop by phone, browse by plan, purchase SIM only, or to go the O2 broadband section. Underneath these options again are more offers specifying O2’s current most popular deals. The most popular deals have clearly labelled prices on all of the phones. Browsing through the shop is easy, and informative. The main specifications and advantages of each product are clearly placed beside a picture of that product and the price is also clearly labelled. If you actually select the phone the user is redirected to another page which describes in depth specifications, main features and pricing plans. Some of the specifications are interactive and offer a visual 3D experience where they can rotate the phone with their mouse. This ensures that the user is confident with their purchase. In some cases, demos are available to watch how the product operates. Overall the shop provides some great interactive features and effectively utilises and takes advantage the capabilities of Adobe flash player. One of the more interesting features of the O2 website is its partner websites. From navigating through the webpage there are often sections with links to some of O2’s separate projects. Examples of these are 02thinkbig.ie where the user is redirected to a section created to encourage young innovators. The mission statement for the O2Show MoreRelatedWebsite Comparison1794 Words   |  8 Pagestelecommunication companies in Ireland for this website comparison. O2 and Vodafone are both leading distributors of mobile services for individuals and corporate clients providing them with solutions in communications. They are the two biggest competitors in the mobile networking industry in Ireland constituting for 88% of the total market. This market percentage is split between Vodafone and O2, 48% and 40% respectively. I have chosen these two websites for comparison for a number of reasons. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Online Billing System Free Essays

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Online Bill Payment system helps keep your information organized in a simple and convenient way. We’ve developed advanced tools that help organize and pay all your bills, whether they’re recurring or one-time payments. Now your information can be consolidated in one easily accessible online resource. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Billing System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Learn more below and pay your bills quicker and easier than ever before. 1. 1 Background to Research A wide variety of payment mechanisms as well as related services is currently available. This section provides a summary of the uptake of online payments, and is followed by a brief account of common payment systems. A number of online payment systems have been developed in Europe, especially where offline bank transfers are already well established. The most common and easy to use include: online banking transfers where the account holder is redirected to the bank is Web site by the merchant site to effect payment. Other options are: i) electronic and mobile banking which have more advanced features, for example, schedule payments and ii) EBPP, where instead of having to enter all transaction details manually, these are automatically entered from the electronic bill and the payer only authorises. The EBPP provider (either bank or third party) establishes contracts with the organisations whose bills it can present electronically (e. g. utility companies) and will send in the bills the buyer has authorised. The report concentrates on business-to-consumer online payments rather than on business-to business (B2B) financial transactions. With the success of online auctions person-to-person markets have gained in importance and are also considered. The various offline payment options available for buying on line are not dealt with. 1. 2 Project overview This application administrates its users and customers. The system is easy to use with simple knowledge of computer. The applied principles in this system are instinctive and depend on running application at user interface. The following steps are included in the developing of an application. * Information collection * Design * Coding and assigning * Testing * Applying the application at User end 1. 3 Objectives This project will serve the following objectives:- * Add and maintain records * Add and maintain customer details. * Provides economic/financial reports to the owner monthly or weekly and yearly. Provides a convenient solution of billing pattern. * Make an easy to use environment for users and customers. 1. 4 Project scope * The online Billing application is providing with efficient GUI to the user and can be installed in other systems easily. * The modules is divided into * Login * Create User * Add entry * Erase Entry * Modify Entry- 1. Search name, 2. By mobile number. * T his project will help the store keeper in fast billing * This project enable to maintain a great database of all customers visited. * This project is web based and easy to use Easy to maintain in future prospect. * Powerfull online payments software * Secure, Flexible and customizable. 1. 5 Features * Security:Security is one of the most important features that customers and businesses look for in a billing system. The all encompassing security feature you do not want to go without is PCI compliance. To be PCI compliant, a system must meet all the security standards set by the PRCI SSC (Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council). If your business is primarily B2B versus B2C, you may want to consider Level 3 Processing, as ell. * View Invoice and Payment History Online:Â  Your customers will love being able to view their invoice and payment history online. By offering an EBPP to your customers, they will be able to access this information easily without having to call your of fice and talk to an employee to get their simple questions answered. They will be able to access this information anytime, virtually anywhere. Talk about convenient! * Email Reminders:Â  Another online billing feature your customers will appreciate are the email reminders. By utilizing an online billing system, you can create emails that will remind customers of late payments, upcoming payments, and changes to account easily and quickly. * Store Customer Payment Preferences:Â  These billing systems also can store your customers’ payment preferences online. It is secure and convenient. This way your customer can just set it and forget it. It cuts the payment process time down. Your customers will appreciate how this saves time and effort. * Autopay Functions:Â  The benefit that your customers will love if they decided to use is the autopay function. Your customers can have their bill taken out of their bank account each month automatically, if they so choose. This is convenient for customers who really want to save time. It also benefits customers who may be prone to forgetting to pay. This guarentees that they will not receive a late fee, as their bills will always be paid on time. * Easiness in modification of data: The system provides managing of huge data effectively and efficiently for efficient results,storing the details of the customers, employees etc. in such a way that the database can be modified. User friendly: The system is user friendly because the retrieval and storing of data is fast and data is maintained efficiently. Moreover the graphical user interface is provided in the proposed system, which provides user to deal with the system very easily. * Sharing the data is possible: Data can be shared in proposed system. This means that two or more persons can use the same data in existing system provided that they h ave right to access that data. Also the two or more departments in an organization can easily interact with eachother without the actual movement of data. No or very few paperwork: The proposed system either does not require paper work or very few paper works is required. All the data is feted into the computer immediately and various bills and reports can be generated through computers. Since all the data is kept in a database nodata of the organization can be destroyed. Moreover work becomes very easy because there is no need to keep data on papers. * Support strategic competitive advantage: Proposed system supports strategic competitive advantages. Since the proposed systems provide easiness in reports generating it will provide strategic advantages among competitors. * Computer operator control: Computer operator control will be there no errors. Moreover storing and retrieving of information is easy. So work can be done speedily and in time. Chapter 2 TOOLS TECHNOLOGY The choice of technologies for your project implementation is a critical issue because it will not only influence your project development time and cost, but also will determine how your application will stand the test of time and will be approved and appreciated by your clients. With Itransition Business Analysts you will be able to navigate all the technologies and platforms listed below, to choose the most up-to-date and win-win solution. You will be able to discuss and negotiate the choice of the programming languages and technologies suitable for project aims, size and budget. We are always attentive to all your requirements and wishes, including technological preferences, because we believe that only close cooperation with our customers all the way in project development can bring a visible and effective outcome. Programming Language were used in developing this application: JAVA with JS, Javascipt, HTML. RAM 64 MB and 2 GB hard disk. Operating Systems: Windows 95 higher version. * Web Technology: Asp. net (Microsoft visual studio 2005 framework 2. 0) * Database: MySQL Server-2005 * Development Tool: MS Visual Studio 2005 * Web Server: IIS * Web browser: Internet Explorer service pack 1 * Languages Used: C#. net, JavaScript,JAVA,HTML * Others: Themes, CSS How to cite Online Billing System, Papers

Online Billing System Free Essays

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Online Bill Payment system helps keep your information organized in a simple and convenient way. We’ve developed advanced tools that help organize and pay all your bills, whether they’re recurring or one-time payments. Now your information can be consolidated in one easily accessible online resource. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Billing System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Learn more below and pay your bills quicker and easier than ever before. 1. 1 Background to Research A wide variety of payment mechanisms as well as related services is currently available. This section provides a summary of the uptake of online payments, and is followed by a brief account of common payment systems. A number of online payment systems have been developed in Europe, especially where offline bank transfers are already well established. The most common and easy to use include: online banking transfers where the account holder is redirected to the bank is Web site by the merchant site to effect payment. Other options are: i) electronic and mobile banking which have more advanced features, for example, schedule payments and ii) EBPP, where instead of having to enter all transaction details manually, these are automatically entered from the electronic bill and the payer only authorises. The EBPP provider (either bank or third party) establishes contracts with the organisations whose bills it can present electronically (e. g. utility companies) and will send in the bills the buyer has authorised. The report concentrates on business-to-consumer online payments rather than on business-to business (B2B) financial transactions. With the success of online auctions person-to-person markets have gained in importance and are also considered. The various offline payment options available for buying on line are not dealt with. 1. 2 Project overview This application administrates its users and customers. The system is easy to use with simple knowledge of computer. The applied principles in this system are instinctive and depend on running application at user interface. The following steps are included in the developing of an application. * Information collection * Design * Coding and assigning * Testing * Applying the application at User end 1. 3 Objectives This project will serve the following objectives:- * Add and maintain records * Add and maintain customer details. * Provides economic/financial reports to the owner monthly or weekly and yearly. Provides a convenient solution of billing pattern. * Make an easy to use environment for users and customers. 1. 4 Project scope * The online Billing application is providing with efficient GUI to the user and can be installed in other systems easily. * The modules is divided into * Login * Create User * Add entry * Erase Entry * Modify Entry- 1. Search name, 2. By mobile number. * T his project will help the store keeper in fast billing * This project enable to maintain a great database of all customers visited. * This project is web based and easy to use Easy to maintain in future prospect. * Powerfull online payments software * Secure, Flexible and customizable. 1. 5 Features * Security:Security is one of the most important features that customers and businesses look for in a billing system. The all encompassing security feature you do not want to go without is PCI compliance. To be PCI compliant, a system must meet all the security standards set by the PRCI SSC (Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council). If your business is primarily B2B versus B2C, you may want to consider Level 3 Processing, as ell. * View Invoice and Payment History Online:Â  Your customers will love being able to view their invoice and payment history online. By offering an EBPP to your customers, they will be able to access this information easily without having to call your of fice and talk to an employee to get their simple questions answered. They will be able to access this information anytime, virtually anywhere. Talk about convenient! * Email Reminders:Â  Another online billing feature your customers will appreciate are the email reminders. By utilizing an online billing system, you can create emails that will remind customers of late payments, upcoming payments, and changes to account easily and quickly. * Store Customer Payment Preferences:Â  These billing systems also can store your customers’ payment preferences online. It is secure and convenient. This way your customer can just set it and forget it. It cuts the payment process time down. Your customers will appreciate how this saves time and effort. * Autopay Functions:Â  The benefit that your customers will love if they decided to use is the autopay function. Your customers can have their bill taken out of their bank account each month automatically, if they so choose. This is convenient for customers who really want to save time. It also benefits customers who may be prone to forgetting to pay. This guarentees that they will not receive a late fee, as their bills will always be paid on time. * Easiness in modification of data: The system provides managing of huge data effectively and efficiently for efficient results,storing the details of the customers, employees etc. in such a way that the database can be modified. User friendly: The system is user friendly because the retrieval and storing of data is fast and data is maintained efficiently. Moreover the graphical user interface is provided in the proposed system, which provides user to deal with the system very easily. * Sharing the data is possible: Data can be shared in proposed system. This means that two or more persons can use the same data in existing system provided that they h ave right to access that data. Also the two or more departments in an organization can easily interact with eachother without the actual movement of data. No or very few paperwork: The proposed system either does not require paper work or very few paper works is required. All the data is feted into the computer immediately and various bills and reports can be generated through computers. Since all the data is kept in a database nodata of the organization can be destroyed. Moreover work becomes very easy because there is no need to keep data on papers. * Support strategic competitive advantage: Proposed system supports strategic competitive advantages. Since the proposed systems provide easiness in reports generating it will provide strategic advantages among competitors. * Computer operator control: Computer operator control will be there no errors. Moreover storing and retrieving of information is easy. So work can be done speedily and in time. Chapter 2 TOOLS TECHNOLOGY The choice of technologies for your project implementation is a critical issue because it will not only influence your project development time and cost, but also will determine how your application will stand the test of time and will be approved and appreciated by your clients. With Itransition Business Analysts you will be able to navigate all the technologies and platforms listed below, to choose the most up-to-date and win-win solution. You will be able to discuss and negotiate the choice of the programming languages and technologies suitable for project aims, size and budget. We are always attentive to all your requirements and wishes, including technological preferences, because we believe that only close cooperation with our customers all the way in project development can bring a visible and effective outcome. Programming Language were used in developing this application: JAVA with JS, Javascipt, HTML. RAM 64 MB and 2 GB hard disk. Operating Systems: Windows 95 higher version. * Web Technology: Asp. net (Microsoft visual studio 2005 framework 2. 0) * Database: MySQL Server-2005 * Development Tool: MS Visual Studio 2005 * Web Server: IIS * Web browser: Internet Explorer service pack 1 * Languages Used: C#. net, JavaScript,JAVA,HTML * Others: Themes, CSS How to cite Online Billing System, Papers

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Analysis of I have a dream Essay Example For Students

Analysis of I have a dream Essay Analysis of I have a dream I Have a Dream Analysis Everybody has a dream, but not every one of them will come true.One of the most famous quotes in modern time, and also one of the most influential speeches ever given on the earth was given on a potiumat the Lincoln Momorial in Washington D.C on Augest 28th 1963. The great speech was given by Martin Luther King Jr. who deciatied his time on earth to prove that all people are equal. Martin Luther used different parts of the English language to enhance the meaning of his speech and bring out the details. The different rhetorical devices, allusions to historic documents, and metaphors seemed to have brought about the emotions that King was trying to arouse in his listeners. This helped him influence his listeners towards wanting equality for all and changing what was happening in the present so they didnt repeat things in the past . The very title of his speech was probably taken from his use of anaphora which was present throughout his speech. I have a dream that one day the nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creedK that all men are created equal. For the next few lines of his speech he repeated these words, I have a dream, which helped arouse emotion in his audience and give them hope. This hope was that they would one day be treated as equals and walk side by side with the all other races. King uses his the phrase I have a dream today, twice as its own paragraph. This statement was probably spoken with great emphasis since it gave the listeners the desire to change today instead of continuing to be discriminated against. Martin Luther Kings speech could have very well been titled something else but because of his use of anaphora which strongly emphasized these words it earned itself the title I Have a Dream. Martin Luther Kings use of alluding to other historic documents, which also deal with equality issues, helped his speech reach the listener. These allusions were probably geared more towards the white listeners than it was towards the black because it provided textual evidence from past documents which stated that all men were created equal and all people should have the right to life liberty and the pursuit of happiness. King also makes a few allusions to the Bible; Let us not seek to satisfy thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred, is the first allusion to the Bible in his speech. King does not want the equality-seeking listeners to go out and use force or start a battle to get their freedom because then it would give the white people a reason to fight. They would be able to say that the black people were starting a violent protest and needed to be stopped and therefore retaliate with physical violence. King was smart though and by saying these words he reassured his followers that their destiny and their freedom would not be left in the hands of others and that they would be able to control their own future. When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands in the words of the old Negro spiritual, Free at last! thank God almighty, we are free at last! This entire last paragraph of Kings speech is an example of parallelism. This shows that all of these different races and religions are no better than the other. .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2 , .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2 .postImageUrl , .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2 , .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2:hover , .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2:visited , .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2:active { border:0!important; } .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2:active , .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2 .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf613aa237fde1ee5c6e6f7b8387410d2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Auguste Rodin Essay By doing this it seems as though King is trying to let his listeners know that they arent the only ones that are discriminated against. All religions are looked down upon by other religions and until they can stand at the same level as the others they will all have problems with not being treated as equals. Another literary device that also has a lot of influence is his use of metaphors. One .

Thursday, March 26, 2020

Argumentative Essay on Police Brutality Essays

Argumentative Essay on Police Brutality Essays Argumentative Essay on Police Brutality Paper Argumentative Essay on Police Brutality Paper Essay Topic: Argumentative The police serve an integral part in society as its protectors. The profession of a policeman is considered noble as they save lives, catch criminals and are concerned with the preservation of order. The ideal policeman does not always correspond to reality. In addition to few good policemen who save lives and are always ready to help, there is always a bad cop, not noticed by the superiors. Sometimes people, obsessed with power, who did not have the opportunity to realize their desire, fall into the ranks of policemen. Law enforcement officials like all people have drawbacks, and the situations they face are frequently dangerous and require a rapid response. The price of illegal police actions is very high. It is expressed in undermining respect for law enforcement agencies, which generates in ethnic minority communities in particular a split between police and society. Law enforcement officials like all people have drawbacks, and the situations they face are frequently dangerous and require a rapid response. The price of illegal police actions is very high. It is expressed in undermining respect for law enforcement agencies, which generates in ethnic minority communities in particular a split between police and society. Victims of police violence have many different ways of complaining about police brutality. But the chances of seeing their abusers in the dock are really low. Some victims file a civil claim, but their chances of success vary from city to city and, as a rule, financial responsibility in such cases is borne by the municipality, and not by the guilty police officer. Victims are frightened by the prospect of filing a complaint with the Police Internal Investigations Department. In addition, the police departments secrecy regime in practice means that the victim learns nothing about whether any disciplinary action has been taken against the guilty employee. With regard to the initiation of criminal proceedings at the federal or local level, most victims rightly believe that such an option is unlikely, except the cases that have been widely publicized. As a result, the damage caused by police violence is aggravated by the feelings of resentment and feebleness of the victims. Since it is c ommon knowledge that police abuse control procedures are not effective enough, many victims of excessive violence do not even try to complain. All of the above factors lead to the fact that the guilty policemen remain in the positions held. The police brutality in the United States leads to the most serious and systematic human rights violations. This problem is of a national and institutional nature. Police throughout the United States use firearms, beat detainees, use methods that make them choking, and use unreasonably brutal measures of physical pressure without sufficient justification. The systematically cruel police officers make up only a small part of the police force. They are subject to numerous complaints, but the silence of colleagues and the bias of internal police investigations hide them from responsibility. The victim, who seeks redress, faces obstacles at every stage of the process, from open intimidation to the unwillingness of the local and federal prosecutors to take cases against the illegal and excessive use of force by the police. The police brutality in the USA has recently become a dangerous trend. Often police officers build up negative feelings towards certain races, sexes, or religions.  The racial issue continues to play a central role in police abuses. Despite the progress made since the civil rights movement for the equality of the 1950s and 1960s, one area remains difficult to change: it is a police behavior with representatives of racial minorities. This still remains the big problem for the society. Policemen expose members of ethnic minorities to discriminatory treatment, unlawfully apply physical force to them and allow racist statements. Every new case of police brutality against African-Americans, Hispanics or other minorities and especially cases covered in the media further reinforces the current belief that some citizens are particularly abused and racially discriminated. 1146 and 1093 people were killed by the police in 2016 and 2015 in the USA respectively. Police have brutalized black and Latino people as a means of consolidating and advancing white supremacy. In the United States, the cases when police use excessive force are very often revealed through good surveillance technologies and an active community of online activists and civil rights advocates. Although this creates problems among police officers, at the same time it allows disclosing cases of police brutality that might remain hidden. There is no effective system of bringing perpetrators to justice and informing citizens about such cases. Usually, the police do not investigate human rights violations, and the perpetrators escape punishment; there are obstacles to the implementation of justice. Racial and sexual minorities had been victims of police brutality in the United States for many years. Just one percent of complaints about police using excessive force are acted upon in central New Jersey, according to an investigation by Courier News and the Home News Tribune. The government needs to make a serious structural reform, and recognize this. Law enforcement officers dont get to interpret the law or decide what is excessive and what isnt; rules should do that. Rodney King beating the first known case of brutality in the USA. The first and probably one of the most famous cases in America related to the police use excessive force occurred back in 1992 in Los Angeles when a video recording where five policemen beat an unarmed African American with batons was released. This incident became known due the fact that all five policemen were fully justified. The public confidence in the police has fallen greatly. And then mass protests began, which turned into riots lasted for 3 days and lead to 53 people died, along with catastrophic levels of property damage and looting. This prompted the authorities to take action and, as a result, 4 out of 5 were brought to justice, and the Los Angeles Police Department undertook a series of reforms. After this incident, the police brutality stepped over the threshold. The cases when police use excessive force began to concern those on whom they were directly affected and also became widely covered in the press. Before Rodney King, only a few knew about such cases, and there were only a few such videos. But such videos will not lead to the disappearance of racist police brutality. The reports about the brutality against people are rarely shown on TV in the USA, and they focus on young, innocent victims. But still, such cases are becoming more and more well-known in society. One of the most recent incidents where police exceed authority happened in Ferguson, Missouri in 2014. The murder of unarmed black teenager Michael Brown by white policeman Darron Wilson caused a wave of mass protests, revealing the deep-seated problems of the American justice system that has not still eradicated racial contradictions. For disobeying the demands to move to the pavement from the roadway of the street, Braun was shot by Wilson. The non-involvement of Wilson in criminal responsibility has exacerbated the situation. The unsuccessful attempt to introduce a state of emergency and curfew in Ferguson led to mass skirmishes of protesters with police and National Guard units, which were transferred to the city. The protests against police brutality began last year in dozens of US cities. Hundreds of people were arrested. In connection with the police using excessive force against the demonstrators, the US President was strongly criticized for the militarization of police. In response to criticism, a revision of federal programs began, in which the municipal police units were supplied with military equipment military aircraft, grenade launchers, tactical vehicles equipped with weapons. This equipment was intended to be used by the US police force against its own people. US President Barack Obama and his Admi nistration condemned the riots and assured that the murder of a teenager would be thoroughly investigated. No matter what law enforcement officers do, including violence against children, they rarely face criminal charges, much less jail. And this fact must be changed. Due to growing number victims of police brutality, it is crucial to find the solution how to stop these actions. Serious human rights violations continue, numerous obstacles do not allow accountable police officers to be brought to justice, and this impunity allows them to continue the violence. References: Principles of Good Policing: Avoiding Violence Between Police and Citizens https://www.justice.gov/archive/crs/pubs/principlesofgoodpolicingfinal092003.htm Law Enforcement and Violence: The Divide between Black and White Americans apnorc.org/projects/Pages/HTML%20Reports/law-enforcement-and-violence-the-divide-between-black-and-white-americans0803-9759.aspx 99 Percent Of Police Brutality Reports In Central New Jersey Never See The Light Of Day alternet.org/99-percent-police-brutality-reports-central-new-jersey-never-see-light-day

Friday, March 6, 2020

Free Essays on The History Of Jazz

The History Of Jazz The first jazz was played in the early 20th century. The work chants and folk music of black Americans are among the sources of jazz, which reflects the rhythms and expressions of West African song. Ragtime, an Afro-American music that first appeared in the 1890s, was composed for the piano, and each rag is a composition with several themes. The leading ragtime composer was Scott Joplin. The first improvising jazz musician was the cornetist Buddy Bolden, leader of a band in New Orleans. The first jazz bands were usually made up of one or two cornet players who played the principal melodies, a clarinetist and trombonist who improvised countermelodies, and a rhythm section (piano, banjo, string bass or tuba, and drums) to accompany the horns. These bands played for dancers or marched in parades in the South. Some of the first New Orleans musicians were among the most stirring of all jazz artists. They include clarinetist Johnny Dodds, clarinetist-soprano saxophonist Sidney Bechet, pianist Jelly Roll Morton, and cornetist King Oliver. The first jazz record was made in 1917 by a New Orleans band the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, made up of white musicians who copied black styles. The New Orleans musicians discovered that audiences were eager for their musician the cities of the North and the Midwest. In the 1920s Chicago became the second major jazz center. White Chicago youths, such as tenor saxophonist Bud Freeman and clarinetist Benny Goodman, were excited by the New Orleans masters including the thrilling Louis Armstrong, who played in King Oliver's band. The third major jazz center was New York City, and it became the most important. In New York, pianists such as James P. Johnson created the piano style by transforming rags and Southern black folk dances into jazz. Jazz was first played in the ballrooms and theaters of New York. Louis Armstrong was among the jazz musicians wh... Free Essays on The History Of Jazz Free Essays on The History Of Jazz The History Of Jazz The first jazz was played in the early 20th century. The work chants and folk music of black Americans are among the sources of jazz, which reflects the rhythms and expressions of West African song. Ragtime, an Afro-American music that first appeared in the 1890s, was composed for the piano, and each rag is a composition with several themes. The leading ragtime composer was Scott Joplin. The first improvising jazz musician was the cornetist Buddy Bolden, leader of a band in New Orleans. The first jazz bands were usually made up of one or two cornet players who played the principal melodies, a clarinetist and trombonist who improvised countermelodies, and a rhythm section (piano, banjo, string bass or tuba, and drums) to accompany the horns. These bands played for dancers or marched in parades in the South. Some of the first New Orleans musicians were among the most stirring of all jazz artists. They include clarinetist Johnny Dodds, clarinetist-soprano saxophonist Sidney Bechet, pianist Jelly Roll Morton, and cornetist King Oliver. The first jazz record was made in 1917 by a New Orleans band the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, made up of white musicians who copied black styles. The New Orleans musicians discovered that audiences were eager for their musician the cities of the North and the Midwest. In the 1920s Chicago became the second major jazz center. White Chicago youths, such as tenor saxophonist Bud Freeman and clarinetist Benny Goodman, were excited by the New Orleans masters including the thrilling Louis Armstrong, who played in King Oliver's band. The third major jazz center was New York City, and it became the most important. In New York, pianists such as James P. Johnson created the piano style by transforming rags and Southern black folk dances into jazz. Jazz was first played in the ballrooms and theaters of New York. Louis Armstrong was among the jazz musicians wh...

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Protection of Fundamental Rights in EU Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Protection of Fundamental Rights in EU - Essay Example In most of the European countries, these rights have already been there. Some of the erstwhile communist countries naturally did not have many civil liberties, but with the fall of Communism in Europe, these rights have been restored. What made the European union fundamental rights unique was that the rights are equal to all, disregarding the race, colour, ethnicity and nationality. The political leanings of the countries too did not matter any more. These rights have come as a gift to many of these countries, which have not seen much of fundamental rights for a long time. It also has given an additional dignity to the European Union and its citizens, an identity of their own, a distinguished existence. "Conscious of its spiritual and moral heritage, the Union is founded on the indivisible, universal values of human dignity, freedom, equality and solidarity; it is based on the principles of democracy and the rule of law. It places the individual at the heart of its activities, by establishing the citizenship of the Union and by creating an area of freedom, security and justice4". Human dignity, Right to life, Right to the integrity of the person, Prohibition of torture or inhuman treatment, Prohibition of slavery and forced labour, Right to Liberty and Security, respect for private and family life, protection of personal data, right to marry and right to found a family, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of expression and information, freedom of assembly and of association, freedom of the arts and sciences, right to education are just to name a few. European countries always had fundamental rights and liberties5; only they had never taken a consistent form of a group or a union. Fundamental rights have really empowered the European union citizens and to see that, there is no other better place than European Court of Justice where the citizens vociferously fight for these new rights that have become theirs now. With this, EU has tried to wipe out centuries of inner struggles, bitter wars and unending conflicts. It has also tried to wipe out the racial discrimination, and elimination like that of Jews. It is a great step in human rights, where all citizens were awarded the same enshrined rights without any prejudice or favour. There is no doubt that European Union is rather obsessed about these rights and the Court of Justice attaches tremendous importance to them. There are various reasons for this obsession. European Union is not a body with an authority; this means, it does not have a divine, inherited right to be there, like a monarchy. As it does not belong to any particular country, it also does not have a chosen right, or a right of authority. European Union itself is a created institution, created for future safeguarding of European countries, as a last resort to save Europe from inner bickering that had not only led to many wars, but two all consuming World Wars, bringing countries all over the world into its orbit. It had also witnessed an extremely bloody French Revolution, an equally unpleasant Russian revolution that led into communism and a considerable number of Eastern European countries

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Forecasting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Forecasting - Essay Example Forecasting is therefore a complex business in the company, which effectively has more than one personality. Seasonal forecasting is less significant and used at Daimler Chrysler than for example in the energy industry, in which the seasons make for dramatic and cyclical shifts in demand. It is not as though automobile sales do not peak at certain times of the year, but our regression models are able to take care of these models. We can also use moving annual totals for monthly future projections, rather than a calendar method, to ensure that we account for relatively minor seasonal fluctuations in demand. Seasonal forecasting has some applications for our finance business. Customers of the Daimler Chrysler Bank may have seasonal fluctuations in demand for their products and services. The financial services wing of the company has to evaluate the validity of revenue forecasts in applications for loans in such cases. There are also some key materials that we use in production, which experience seasonal fluctuations in pricing and availability. Energy is an example for plants in the northern hemisphere. Leather, though relatively small in total cost, is another example, the purchase and production support services functions of the company have to keep seasonal forecasting methods in mind, when planning for supplies at optimal prices and in time. Delphi Delphi is a key component of forecasting methodology in the automobile business. Product demand is significantly affected by cultural and geo-political matters, which lie outside the domain of expertise of a car and truck maker. The company has long gestation periods for developing new products. Hence, there is an important and frequent need to use third-party consultant from diverse fields to understand future automobile needs in various parts of the world. Daimler Chrysler has also to use Delphi as it spreads its wings to new territories. Russia, China and India are amongst the new markets with high growth potential for automobile sales, but which have driving, traffic and customer needs very different from the traditional strong holds of Western Europe and the United States. Relevant trend data are lacking for these key opportunities, and Delphi provides important learning inputs for entry and consolidation strategies for such markets. The Delphi technique has a number of drawbacks (Evans, 2002, p 366). The kind of experts selected for the study affect the outcome, and there is inevitable subjectivity in their forecasts. Most of them are highly biased and may take extreme positions to suit their private agendas. The questionnaires we deploy during the interviews are a bit vague, and the responses are therefore not universally comparable. There is no valid measure of error as with regression models. Nevertheless, this method is the best when we need ideas about the distant future and how customer choices and competitive technologies are likely to change. Daimler Chrysler cannot do without Delphi, its weaknesses notwithstanding, because innovation lies at the heart of our competitive position (Daimler-Chrysler Creates New Management Model, 2006). We need expert inputs on matters such as future consumer needs and energy security. The jatropha project in India and the driver assist system are examples of

Monday, January 27, 2020

Adaptation of Psychometric Tools in Bangladesh

Adaptation of Psychometric Tools in Bangladesh Roufun Naher Introduction Measurement refers to a procedure which identifies the value of a quantitative variable through its numerical relationship to another value (Michell, 1990). For example, we want to know the body temperature of a particular person. Suen (1990) says, â€Å"The science of developing educational and psychological tests and measurement procedures has become highly sophisticated and has developed into such a large body of knowledge that it is considered a scientific discipline of enquiry in its own right. This discipline is referred to as psychometrics†. Presently, psychological researchers are intended to conduct cross-cultural researches and they must have reliable and valid instruments conducting those researches. Psychology is a growing field in Bangladesh both for research and practice. A number of psychological researchers of Bangladesh give emphasis on quantitative research which requires standardized instruments to measure behaviors and mental processes. However, the reasonable way to get an instrument can be cross-cultural adaptation whereas development of a new instrument is relatively tricky and time consuming. Meanwhile, many researchers adapted numerous instruments or psychometric tools to measure a range of behaviors and mental processes of human being. The adaptation of psychometric tools differs in the process, study design, sampling technique, sample size, reliability and validity. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to systematically review the adaptation of psychometric tools in Bangladesh, more specifically the adaptation procedure and research methodology. Table 1 shows the review. Sousa Rojjanasrirat (2010) provided a user-friendly guideline for translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research. The guideline includes seven steps for the adaptation of psychometric tools. The steps are (1) Forward translation, (2) Comparison of the two translated versions (synthesis I), (3) Blind back-translation, (4) Comparison of two back-translated versions (synthesis II), (5) Pilot testing of the pre-final version, (6) Preliminary psychometric testing of the pre-final version, (7) Full psychometric testing of the pre-final version. Table 1 The Review of the Adaptation of Psychometric Tools in Bangladesh Method of Review The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the quality and utility of psychometric tools adapted in Bangladesh. For conducting this review, the psychological journals published in different public universities were taken for literature review. Then the studies on adaptation of psychometric tools were picked up initially. Finally six original papers on adaptation of psychometric tools which met the criteria of current systematic review were selected from these journals. Among them four papers were selected from ‘The Dhaka University Journal of Psychology’ and two other papers were selected from ‘Jagannath University Journal of Psychology’. Eligible Criteria The papers were basically selected based on the following criteria Has the study been done in the context of Bangladesh? Has it been done on the adaptation of psychometric tools for use in Bangladesh? Whether it is an original study or review? Whether it is published? Results of Review Information about the Reviewed Studies All the selected studies represent the adaptation of psychometric tools for use in Bangladesh. The pervasive developmental disorder assessment scale presented in first study (shown in table 1) contains 40 items and 3 subscales. Similarly, the inventory of interpersonal problems contains 64 items and 8 subscales. The inferiority questionnaire and the Bangla parental power-prestige questionnaire contain 20 and 10 items respectively. The questionnaire on stress in cancer patient contains 23 items and 5 homogenous subscales shown in fifth study of table 1. Finally the Warnick-Ebinburgh mental wellbeing scale is composed of 10 items. The sample size of the reviewed studies ranges between 50 and 232. Only the first study shown in review table followed random sampling technique. On the contrary, other five studies followed convenience and purposive sampling technique. The design of all six studies was cross-sectional survey. The reliability ranges between .72 and .96. In case of validity mo st of the studies followed content and construct validity. Adaptation Process Followed by the Studies Researchers of three studies (such as study number 1, 3, and 5 shown in table 1) among six mentioned that they followed the guidance provided by International Test Commission (ITC). However, the researchers of other studies did not mention that which guideline they followed during adaptation. The first step of adaptation process is forward translation by two different translators. Two translators should have different background for example one translator must have the knowledge of health terminology whereas the second translator must possess cultural and linguistic knowledge (Sousa Rojjanasrirat, 2010). However, no researcher among six mentioned the background of the translators in their papers. In fact, most of the researchers did not even clarify the different phases of adaptation process although the reliabilities of the adapted instruments are relatively high. Moreover, the researchers of all the above studies except study number 6 (shown in review table) did not make contact with the original developers for their consent and proof reading which is considered as an important phase of adaptation of psychometric tools. On the other hand, the blind back translation step needs two translators who are native speaker of the original language from which the instrument was translated in first step. In addition the translators must be chosen form distinct background like the translators of forward translation (Sousa Rojjanasrirat, 2010). It is paradoxical that none of the reviewed studies followed the blind back translation phase strictly. However, the other steps mentioned in introduction part were reasonably followed by the above researchers. That is why the reliabilities of their adapted instruments are relatively satisfactory. Sample size and sampling technique Whether the result of a study can be generalized or not, depends on the sample size as well as the sampling technique by which the sample is drawn. Sousa Rojjanasrirat (2010) suggested using 300 to 500 subjects for the adaptation of psychometric tools. Contrary to that all the researcher of current reviewed studies used less than 300 subjects in their research. Moreover, five out of six studies did not use random sampling. That is only available and interested people were the subjects of these studies. Consequently, Passable generalization may not be possible by these studies. Conclusion Most of the psychological researchers in Bangladesh show interest in quantitative research. Reliable and valid instruments are needed for this type of research. In fact, lots of such instruments or questionnaires have been adapted at different times in Bangladesh. However, after this systematic review it is difficult to say that the researchers could follow standardized adaptation procedure and research methodology to adapt these instruments. Standardized adaptation procedure and research methodology are important because cultural diversity among countries is a gigantic issue of discussion in research world. If the adaptation process of a psychometric tool becomes flawed it will not be able to measure a sample of behavior accurately. Ultimately the field of psychology including mental health practice may suffer as it is sometimes very much dependent on the psychological tests and measurement. The further research on adaptation of psychometric tools in Bangladesh should follow the sta ndardized procedure and research methodology strictly. References Ahmed, F., Uddin, M. K., Islam, M. J. (2011). Preliminery evidences for psychometric  properties of the bangla parental power-prestige questionnaire. Jagannath University   Journal of Psychology, 1, 97-106. Hossain, M. S., Yeasmin, M., Uddin, M. K. (2008), Adaptation of inventory of interpersonal  problems. The Dhaka University Journal of Psychology, 33, 1-10. Haque, S. Das, A. (2007), Adaptation of pervasive developmental disorder assessment scale.  The Dhaka University Journal of Psychology, 31, 11-22. Jerin, M. I., Khatun, M. N., Ahmed, A. (2013), Adaptation on questionnaire on stress in  cancer patient revised. The Dhaka University Journal of Psychology, 37, 23-30. Michell, J. (1990), An Introduction to the Logic of Psychological Measurement. Hillsdale, New  Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. Rahman, S. T. Imran, M. H. (2013), Bangladeshi adaptation of Warwick-Ebinburgh mental  well-being scale. The Dhaka University Journal of Psychology, 37, 49-60. Sousa, V. S. Rojjanssrirat, W. (2010), Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or  scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: a clear and user-friendly guideline.   Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17, 268-274. Suen, H.K. (1990), Principles of Test Theories. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. Uzzaman, M. A., Islam, A. S. M. A., Haque, M. A. (2011), Adaptation of inferiority  questionnaire. Jagannath University Journal of Psychology, 1, 35-42.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Impact Of Insomnia On Daytime Ability To Function Essay

Insomnia pertains to a symptom that is characterized by the difficulty in falling asleep. In other cases, insomnia is also involved in not being able to sleep for the required number of hours each night. It is thus pertinent to describe insomnia as a symptom associated with poor quality or insufficiency of sleep. Several factors may trigger the symptom of insomnia in an individual, hence this condition can be considered as situational, wherein a certain incident may result in an individual’s inability to sleep. Insomnia may also be described based on its occurrence in an individual, thus resulting in intermittent or persistent forms (Davidson 109). Insomnia generally occurs with another medical condition, such as a psychiatric disease or drug abuse. The importance of treatment regimens for insomnia has been the focus of biomedical research as it has long been established that insomnia does not resolve through time. More importantly, it has been reported that insomnia can significantly affect the quality of life of an individual. In addition, insomnia can result in the further progression of a psychiatric disorder, thus putting a patient at greater risk for mental health deterioration (Davidson 112). It has also been observed that the occurrence of insomnia is positively correlated to the frequency of consultations with a physician, as additional medical disorders are caused by this sleeping symptom. Impact of insomnia on sleep As insomnia is a symptom that affects sleep, it is important to determine the causative factors that result in such condition. The most common factors that influence the occurrence of insomnia include stressful incidents in the life of an individual. Death of a loved one, as well as conflict with another individual, often results in insomnia (Davidson 110). Illness and problems with work or study can also result in a difficulty in sleeping. Environmental factors may also result in insomnia, such as that of residing in a location where there is constant noise from traffic or construction. Social conditions may also influence the occurrence of insomnia, such as that of caring for a newborn baby right after childbirth. However, it should be understood that the sleeping patterns of pregnant women after generally disturbed and thus may even be more severe after childbirth. It has been suggested that post-partum insomnia may be possibly due to the mother’s instinct of providing constant care for her child, in terms of feeding and cleaning the baby. Other social factors that result in insomnia include having an adolescent child who spends evenings outside the home and the parents worriedly stay awake until their child comes home (Davidson 110). Age has also been reported to influence the occurrence on insomnia. It has been observed that insomnia is a common symptom that afflicts women who have reached the transition stage into menopause, as this phase of their life causes much distress to them. Caring for a sick elderly individual also results in insomnia, as the caretaker vigilantly checks on an older individual throughout the night. This condition tends to be more difficult when the elderly person is also suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, which is generally characterized by straying to other places even in the late hours of the night. The caretaker thus tends to keep watch over the actions of the elderly person in order to keep him from harm. Impact of insomnia of waking functioning Circadian rhythm pertains to the cyclic patterns that an individual undertakes based on a synchronizing stimulus. Most living species synchronize their activities based on the most ominous factor, which is the light emanating from the sun. In the case of human beings, sunlight determines whether it is time to awaken or to sleep. The presence of light also influences the majority of the physiologic activities of the human body, including the time of the meals in an entire day. The circadian clock of every individual is thus set according to the standard day, wherein sunlight in present for approximately 12 hours and absence for another 12 hours. Within the evening, the human body is programmed to rest and this is mainly through sleep. The occurrence of insomnia can affect an individual’s circadian rhythm as the length or the quality of sleep is affected. An individual with insomnia may be awake at least half of the night and thus find poor coordination in his motor and mental skills during the day. Individuals who work on a shift basis are often affected by insomnia as they are generally assigned to different hours every few months (Shechter 15). Healthcare personnel, such as nurses and technologists, are usually assigned to work on the night shift for 3 months and thus their circadian rhythm is misaligned during this period. Once they return to their daytime shift, they find difficulty in falling asleep as their bodies have already adjusted to a modified circadian rhythm (Shechter 14). The same conditions also occur in other jobs that are associated with changes in shift duties, including those in the police departments and other 24-hour surveillance jobs. The perturbation in the circadian rhythm and its association to the onset of insomnia often results in the deterioration of the quality of work of an individual or a poor performance in school. In addition, an individual with insomnia usually shows poor cognitive capacity, as well as a decrease in the productivity at work. These individuals often lack the capacity to focus on their activities, resulting in accidents (Shechter 15). It is a common occurrence that drivers get into accidents due to the lack of sleep and thus their motor skills and reflex actions are not that reactive during the day. Polysomnographic features of insomnia Polysomnographic studies have shown that an individual with insomnia is generally characterized to have a short latency period during their sleep (Shechter 14). In addition, the sleep efficiency of these individuals is significantly low, resulting in the frequent and easy awakening by even simple stimuli in their immediate environment. The rapid eye movement (REM) and sigma sleep stages of individuals with insomnia are largely influenced by the circadian rhythms that are been set by their bodies and thus any change in the sleeping quality and habits may affect these sleep stages. Any disturbance in these sleep stages may result in the lack of or difficulty in sleeping. Polysomnographic investigations have also shown that the core body temperature in influenced by an individual’s circadian rhythm. Sleep is thus normally observed in the evening, when the core body temperature is significantly lower than what is usually observed during the day. Any shift in the circadian rhythm of an individual may thus result in an unexpected core body temperature, resulting in an individual’s difficulty in falling asleep. This core body temperature should be achieved approximately six hours before going to sleep, in order for an individual to achieve the normal 8 hours of sleep. For an individual who attends to a night-shift job, the usual length of sleep varies from 4 to 7 hours, which is a prime feature of insomnia. Behavior and/or therapeutic recommendations for insomnia It is possible to adapt behavioral conditioning strategies for insomnia. Individuals suffering from insomnia often spend hours or several evenings in bed but are fully awake the entire time. Their insomnia thus further worsens as their brain is conditioned to consider the bed and the bedroom as sites where one stays awake and any attempt to further induce sleep may be futile. It is thus suggested that when one feels sleepy, regardless of the time of day, one should then attempt to go to his bed in order to teach his brain that the bed is a place to sleep. It is also not helpful for an individual with insomnia to find a substitute place to sleep, such as the couch, as this will condition his mind that the couch is his sleeping niche and eventually, going back to the bedroom can even be harder to achieve. There are specific drug formulations that may also aid an individual suffering from insomnia. One of the most common medications is benzodiazepine, which binds to the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors of the brain, which is responsible to the excitation of neural cells (Davidson 111). This binding thus results in the inhibition of the neural functions of the individual, resulting in a sleepy mode. One negative effect of benzodiazepine is that the normal stages of sleep are affected and thus may trigger unnecessary changes in the duration of each stage and possibly dependence on the drug. It is also possible that this drug may induce hypnotic effects on an individual. Non-benzodiazepine formulations are also available for the treatment of insomnia. Melatonin is another therapeutic regimen that may be administered to an individual with insomnia (Davidson 112). There is currently great debate with regards to the effectiveness of this drug, as it has mostly been applied to individuals suffering from jet lag-induced insomnia and thus this drug may not be effective for other insomnias that are caused by other factors. Antidepressants and antihistamines can also be administered to insomnia patients to alleviate their difficulty in falling asleep. Herbal concoctions have also been reported to facilitate sleep. A few of the most used herb are chamomile, kava kava and lavender, which can be supplied in tea formats. Personal reflections Insomnia is generally regarded as a simple condition that is often misunderstood and mistreated. It is important that insomnia be addressed as soon as possible because this condition often affects several systems of the human body and may thus result in the decrease in the immune capacity of an individual. Insomnia can also affect the quality of work or study of an individual and thus this negative effect should be addressed at the earliest possible time. Social interactions can also be affected by insomnia, as these individuals are often irritable and sensitive. Several accidents have also been caused by the lack of sleep and it is possible that an individual may hurt himself while working and even hurt other people, especially when they are using a motor vehicle when they suddenly lose attention or fall asleep. It is thus imperative that individuals with insomnia be educated on what to do to take control of their condition and possibly go back to their normal circadian patterns.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Altar Is a Sign of Religious People Essay

Filipinos have forever been said to be religious people – in fact, too religious, if one might say. It is one characteristic of Filipinos that describes their identity. Try entering houses of Filipinos you know, you would notice there would always be a special place for their altars. They always reserve a certain part in their houses not always necessarily as a â€Å"place of worship† but sometimes just for the traditional way of being religious. Altars are first introduced in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial times. They mostly consist of saints in different carvings, either with the use of wood or ivory. Eventually, having an altar inside the house grew as a Filipino tradition that until now is observed. In an altar, the primary attraction is either the figure of Jesus or the Virgin Mary, perfectly crafted and painted. When the figure does not include carved garments, rich ornate robes of satin were fashioned. Beads of gold and silver accentuate their clothing. Altars in different homes may vary depending on their size, location or adornments. There are altars exaggeratedly huge and elegant, adorned with different statues of angels and saints in a rock formation backdrop. Sometimes, altars and gardens are combined as one, producing a beautiful scenery. These kind are those seen outside their houses, located in their backyard. Such altar may contain of a small pond surrounded by flowers of different colors and plants of different sizes with the statue of the Virgin Mary centered inside. There are also the simple and ordinary altars inside their houses. It is usually easily seen upon entrance inside a house of a Filipino. The reason for this is because when they enter and leave the house, they touch or kiss the forehead of the figure. Mostly, the important components of such altars are candles, rosary, the Bible, a crucifix and of course, the figure of the Virgin Mary and/or Jesus. Ornamentation are only added optionally. Plastic plants/flowers may be used or sometimes the better, fresh flowers. Specifically, Filipinos most often prefer sampaguita. Aside from the fact that it has a unique sweet smell, it is cheap. Sampaguitas are hung like a lei on the body of the figure. Not only are altars found in a Filipino’s home. Even schools hear in our country have small altars located inside their classrooms. Most commonly, they are located on one corner of the classroom. Usually, a small table covered in clean white cloth serves as the base of the altar. The usual things are placed on top of the table, only that they are in a much smaller version. Pictures of the Holy Family are also sometimes posted on the wall. Altars symbolize the devotion of the Filipinos to their Catholic religion. It had been an important part of their tradition. Hopefully, as years go by, they may not be forgotten.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

The Presidential Debate At Longwood University Essay

The Vice Presidential debate, held at Longwood University on October 4th, was between the Democratic candidate, U.S. Senator Tim Kaine, and Republican candidate, Indiana Governor Mike Pence. Specific issues were asked about by the moderator, Elaine Quijano, such as specific qualities of the candidates that would make them good leaders if tragedy were to occur. However, the candidates used much of their allotted time to target the opposing presidential candidate and would then interrupt their opponent multiple times throughout their answer. Comparing the citizenship qualification of the United States to Germany may be helpful in solving the current immigration problems facing our country. The Vice Presidential debate showed the differences in opinion on immigration; the Republican campaign looks to build on the current enforcement-only policies and the Democratic campaign seeks to secure the country while attempting to help immigrants and their families. The Republican candidate, Donald Trump, has shown an openly negative opinion of immigration, specifically of Muslims and Mexicans. The common remark people remember is Trump’s promise to build a massive border wall, which would be devastating to the economy. Mike Pence focused his reply to the question of immigration on the safety of American citizens being the top priority. He also stated that their party would suspend the Syrian refugee program because it is too complicated to know if a person is associated with the IslamicShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Jim Lehrer Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesJim Lehrer is a former news anchor for PBS newshour on PBS, as well as a former journalist. Another important job title he upholds is that he is a former debate moderator for United States presidential election campaigns. The important thing for us to know is that he is an author of many books, most importantly he is the author of the book Tension city. After he graduated col lege he joined the United States Marine Corps. After that he started his career as a journalist. Then went on to moderatingRead MoreThe Vice Presidential Debate 20162415 Words   |  10 PagesThe vice presidential debate 2016, featuring Virginia Senator Tim Kaine and Indiana Governor Mike Pence, was held at Longwood University in Farmville, Virginia, at 9 pm ET, and was moderated by CBSN anchor Elaine Quijano. The campaigns have agreed to the rules of this 90-minute debate. There will be nine different segments covering domestic and foreign policy issues. Each segment will begin with a question to both candidates who will each have two minutes to answer. The debate stretched for 90Read MoreNew World Order in Conspiracy Theory13987 Words   |  56 Pagesrather than evidence of its hidden agenda.[39] Illuminati The Order of the  Illuminati  was an  Enlightenment-age  secret society founded on  1 May  1776, in  Ingolstadt  (Upper Bavaria), by  Adam Weishaupt, who was the first lay professor of  canon law  at the  University of Ingolstadt. The movement consisted of advocates of  freethought,  secularism,  liberalism,  republicanism  and  gender equality, recruited in the  Masonic Lodges  of Germany, who sought to teach  rationalism  through  mystery schools. In 1785, the orderRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages Organizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: